Exploring ethnic differences in the pathophysiological response to a low-energy diet in people with type 2 diabetes
Diabetes - Type 2
Baseline assessments (before the diet starts) Participants attend two detailed assessment visits. These include measurements of weight, body composition, blood sugar levels, scans to measure body and organ fat, and tests to assess how the body handles sugar and insulin. Small samples of muscle and fat tissue are taken under local anaesthetic. Participants also wear glucose and activity monitors and complete food diaries. 12-week low-energy diet Participants follow a low-energy meal-replacement diet for 12 weeks. They attend regular visits (about every 2 weeks) for monitoring, blood tests, body measurements, and dietary support. Participants are closely monitored for safety and side effects. End-of-study assessments After the diet, participants repeat the same tests and scans carried out at the start of the study. This allows researchers to compare changes before and after weight loss. After the study Participants receive support to safely return to normal eating. Some participants may also choose to allow their health data to be followed up through medical records in the future. All procedures are carried out by trained healthcare and research staff, and participants can withdraw at any time.
1. Age 40–65y 2. BMI 27–45kg/m² 3. Diagnosed with T2D within the last 6 years 4. HbA1c value >43mmol/mol,if <48mmol/mol individuals should still be receiving antidiabetic medication (mono or dual therapy) 5. Willing and able to consent to participate in the trial 6. Able to understand written and spoken English
1. Current use of insulin 2. HbA1c ≥87 mmol/mol 3. Weight loss of >3kg within the past 6 months 4. eGFR of <30 mL/min/m² 5. Heart failure 6. Participation in another clinical interventional trial 7. Substance abuse 8. Known cancer 9. Myocardial infarction within previous 6 months 10. Current treatment with anti-obesity drugs 11. Pregnancy (or consideration of) 12. Use of antipsychotic drugs